Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. There are many ethical issues arising in many aspect of life such as in business, in workplace, in health care and also in our daily life. A developmental approach to juvenile justice means embracing policies and practices at every decision point that are informed by an understanding of adolescent development and the effects of juvenile justice interventions. In debriefing your class, the Virtue Approach turns students’ attention to the elements of individual character and disposition which deepen our humanity and engender our relationships with others. It comprises two main principles of liberty and equality; the second is subdivided into Fair Equality of Opportunity and the Difference Principle. It would be barbarously unjust, for example, to chop off a person's hand for stealing a dime, or to impose the death penalty on a person who by accident and without negligence injured another party. Utilitarian Approach. • We want fair treatment in all situations as we believe that we are all equals and deserve impartiality. From the Republic, written by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, to A Theory of Justice, written by the late Harvard philosopher John Rawls, every major work on ethics has held that justice is part of the central core of morality. In its contemporary form, this principle is sometimes expressed as follows: "Individuals should be treated the same, unless they differ in ways that are relevant to the situation in which they are involved." We’ve already covered the Utilitarian, Rights, Fairness, and Common Good Approaches. Sen (1979) presented his account of capabilities as an alternative to the Rawlsian approach. Is there a discriminatory practice where some, who are no different than others, bear a burden that is not imposed on the rest? The fairness or justice approach to ethics has its roots in the … The Fairness Approach Focuses on how fairly or unfairly our actions distribute benefits and burdens among the members of a group. What are the relevant factors that determine similarities and differences of those in a group? We are in the middle of reviewing popular western ethical theories you can use to debrief a case or ethical dilemma in your class. Are those who are different in some relevant way treated differently based on a legitimate distinction and a standard of fairness? 6. T… As the ethicist John Rawls has pointed out, the stability of a society—or any group, for that matter—depends upon the extent to which the members of that society feel that they are being treated justly. Moreover, as the philosopher Immanuel Kant and others have pointed out, human beings are all equal in this respect: they all have the same dignity, and in virtue of this dignity they deserve to be treated as equals. The Fairness Approach focuses on the fair and equitable distribution of good and harm, and/or the social benefits and social costs, across the spectrum of society. In this regard it may be the most plausible theory of justice that doesn't depend on emotion, upbringing, self-serving prejudice, class consciousness, and For Sen (1979: 215-216), Rawls’ approach “is not merely ignoring a few hard cases, but overlooking very widespread and real differences” as individuals va… ... As with many critical ethical values, one approach can’t address all relevant concerns. Justice means giving each person what he or she deserves or, in more traditional terms, giving each person his or her due. It is also the rules of what is right and what is wrong. Organizational justice researchers tend to treat as synonyms the terms “justice” and “fairness”. : Ethics provides a set of standards for behavior that helps us decide how we … Which of the following best describes the fairness or justice approach of the Markkula model? Political philosopher of the 20th Century. In the world of work, for example, we generally hold that it is unjust to give individuals special treatment on the basis of age, sex, race, or their religious preferences. These criteria—need, desert, contribution, and effort—we acknowledge as justifying differential treatment, then, are numerous. In it he describes his conception of justice. Here we assess our action in terms of its fairness to those affected. The Fairness or Justice Approach • Ethical actions should treat all human beings equally, or if unequally, then fairly based on some standard that is defensible. In evaluating any moral decision, we must ask whether our actions treat all persons equally. • Fairness is a quality of being fair, showing no bias towards some people or individuals. A second important kind of justice is retributive or corrective justice. aim to determine which type of justice reasoning (the deontic or fairness approach) is dominantly used by employees when faced with an abusive supervisor who also has a prosocial impact. But justice is not the only principle to consider in making ethical decisions. Compassion plays a role in the calculation of fairness. ... One of the fastest ways to erode a workplace's sense of fairness is by giving recognition unequally. Nevertheless, justice is an expression of our mutual recognition of each other's basic dignity, and an acknowledgement that if we are to live together in an interdependent community we must treat each other as equals. If not, we must determine whether the difference in treatment is justified: are the criteria we are using relevant to the situation at hand? Others argue that workers voluntarily took on this risk when they chose employment in the mines. When such conflicts arise in our society, we need principles of justice that we can all accept as reasonable and fair standards for determining what people deserve. For example, the American institution of slavery in the pre-civil war South was condemned as unjust because it was a glaring case of treating people differently on the basis of race. "ethical actions are those that provide the greatest balance of good over evil" … 5. We welcome your comments, suggestions, or alternative points of view. S.84 of the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 aims to clamp down on the provision of procedural fairness. In fact, most ethicists today hold the view that there would be no point of talking about justice or fairness if it were not for the conflicts of interest that are created when goods and services are scarce and people differ over who should get what. This approach has various names depending on where and how it’s used — … Principles of Justice The most fundamental principle of justice—one that has been widely accepted since it was first defined by Aristotle more than two thousand years ago—is the principle that "equals should be treated equally and unequals unequally." Sen believes that Rawls failed to take sufficient note of the diversity of individuals and therefore their relative abilities to convert primary goods into their own account of the good. Is our tax policy fair? There are, however, many differences that we deem as justifiable criteria for treating people differently. 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